Multinational companies marketing their undifferentiated products to different countries unintentionally may create a problem for themselves. A low price in one country may encourage an enterprise to transship the products to another country with higher price, creating a new channel of parallel...

In industries with perishable goods dynamic pricing schemes are often used and many models have been proposed to maximize seller’s revenues. These models are based on a range of assumptions about how customers make buying decisions. Some assume that customers are myopic and are not forward...