develop an agency model of police behavior that emphasizes intrinsic motivation and self-selection. Drawing on experimental … evidence on punishment preferences, in which subjects reveal a heterogeneous preference for punishing wrongdoers, our model … identifies circumstances in which “punitive” individuals (with stronger-than-average punishment preferences) will self …

monitors'). We review the literature on the relative merits of punishment and rewards when the distribution of incentive power … evidence showing how concentrating reward/punishment power in one group member affects cooperation. …

Are monetary and non-monetary incentives used as substitutes in motivating effort? I address this question in a … preferred one. The principals take advantage of this intrinsic motivation by offering lower piece rates and by using the choice … and non-monetary incentives imperfect. These findings have implications for the design of incentives in mission …

). Agents differ in their motivation to exert social effort. Our model predicts that lowering incentives for selfish effort in …We study, theoretically and empirically, the effects of incentives on the self-selection and coordination of motivated … prediction in a lab experiment allowing us to cleanly separate the selection effect from other effects of low incentives. Results …