The article assesses the economic condition of households in a time frame view (2000-2016) in the light of income and expenditure (including food expenditure) on an all-Poland scale. It compares selected relations of these categories and indicates the economic health of the households in...

We study inter-temporal changes in poverty for Germany from year 1978 to 2003, and we employ the bootstrap method to test for statistical significance of results. All results are decomposed by household type and region. Poverty estimates are particularly high for single parents. Most striking,...