Equivalence scales are routinely applied to adjust the income of households of different size and composition. Because … this paper, we employ German household expenditure data to estimate exact equivalence scales using several parametric … estimate are close to the modified OECD scale. Calculating the Gini coefficient, we find that the at-risk-of-poverty rate and …

inequality in per capita income. The level of inequality in Spain is more moderate when total gross household income is analysed … of a decrease in expenditure on consumer durables by low-income households. Wealth inequality exceeds income inequality … early stages of the current recovery. To this end, it first introduces the various dimensions of wage, income, consumption …

This paper uses a new data set to study household responses to adverse income shocks in seven Latin American countries …. The results show (i) that households respond to income shocks mainly by increasing their labor force participation …, selling assets, and disinvesting in human capital, (ii) that poor households are most likely to be affected by adverse income …