Many comparisons of the performance of public and private producers use a public/private ownership dummy variable to capture cost differences in cross section data. This is appropriate if the producer choice is random. The dummy variable model is, however, logically inconsistent if the producer...

A dual land market is one in which the government owns a significant portion of developable land while real estate development is done primarily by the private sector. This paper examines Singapore's experience with its system of government land supply in a dual market, focusing on its response...