The railways of Russia and the Central and Eastern European countries are in the process of restructuring. In most cases, the vertical separation reform model is being pursued, and reformers are seeking to introduce competition among freight train operators through the provision of open access...

This lecture, delivered at the Higher School of Economics in 2020, opens with a discussion of the modern history of economists' treatment of network industries: from cost-of-service regulation through incentive regulation to vertical restructuring. This history is then applied to the freight...

Twenty years of debate regarding the restructuring of the Chinese freight railway have failed to yield a consensus. Early policy statements favoring the creation of above-the-rail competition over a monopoly infrastructure – the “European” model of rail restructuring – have broadened...