This paper examines direct and indirect contributions of foreign firms and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to aggregate productivity growth. We focus our attention on foreign firms and small firms for three reasons. First, industrial policy in almost all countries is oriented towards...

Italy and Turkey over the last decade entered a process of progressive increase in foreign direct investment (FDI) starting from very low levels. We explore whether and how Italian and Turkish firms survival rates were affected by the increased foreign presence and whether domestic firms have...

We analyze the behavior of plant-level real wages and productivity in Turkish manufacturing after the transition to democracy in 1987 and test whether wages under democracy causes productivity. The Turkish experience provides almost an experimental case: real wages in manufacturing increased by...