engage in offshoring; reshoring does occur but seldom for corrective reasons. (3) North America may be at the cusp of a …

This paper estimates the effects of offshoring on productivity in U.S. manufacturing industries between 1992 and 2000 …, using instrumental variables estimation to address the potential endogeneity of offshoring. It finds that service offshoring … during this period. Offshoring material inputs also has a positive effect on productivity, but the magnitude is smaller …