This paper analyzes the participation of North African countries and firms into Global Value Chains (GVCs) and its implications for competitiveness. First it shows that North African countries are not (yet) fully integrated into international production networks, although large part of their...

We investigate the heterogeneity within the group of foreign direct investors and the relation between affiliates characteristics and parent productivity. Using data on Italian firms, we show that foreign direct investors differ in their productivity level according to their characteristics and...