applied using both geographic and sectoral variation in how much the bridge affected export patterns and productivity. Firms … to export and therefore expand their output share. The two largest sectors in Malmö are wholesale trade and manufacturing …

, exporters are found to be more productive than non-exporters, and the more productive firms self-select into export markets …

- namely two-way traders - from firms that only export, and from those that only import. We show that two-way traders have a … export or import. The paper also looks at how the wages and the skill structure of the trading firms change with the country …

, firms that engage in the foreign production of final goods, in addition to export activities, are more productive than firms … that only export abroad. Second, firms that engage in final goods off-shoring are more productive than firms that engage in …

domestic market, better performers engage in export activities, and the top firms establish foreign subsidiaries. Using German …

, exporters are found to be more productive than non-exporters, and the more productive firms self-select into export markets …