This paper investigates the impact of openness to trade and higher levels of human capital on the economies of some … MENA countries. To answer the question: whether either human capital or openness can be shown to cause productivity, we use … show a significant impact of openness on productivity growth. We find also an effect, significant at the ten per cent level …

This paper examines the relative contribution of openness and the R&D content of trade to TFP growth for North … imposes identical contributions of openness and the R&D content of trade to TFP. We allow these contributions to differ and … show that openness has a greater impact on TFP growth than R&D. These results imply that the impact of openness on TFP in …

, greater openness of the economy, and macroeconomic stability are indispensable. …