A distortion caused by previous policies could distort the results of reforms. This may explain why policies to reduce industrial fuel subsidies have not necessarily resulted in increases in aggregate productivity in countries with mandated pricing. To identify and measure these distortions'...

Both theory and empirics suggest that exporters perform better. Using a panel dataset of manufacturing plants in Iran (2003-2011) we test learning by exporting. In order to address endogenous selection into export, we employ the methods of data trimming and Propensity Score Weighting....