agricultural productivity can have such ambiguous effects on deforestation. We then examine the predictions of that model using … identify productivity shocks using exogenous variation in rural electrification in Brazil during 1960-2000. We show that … native vegetation is protected, and these effects persist 25 years later in both census and satellite data. Brazil …

two complementary difference-in-difference strategies to estimate the causal effect of one of Brazil's flagship anti-deforestation …A mix of public policy and market interventions in the mid-2000s led to historic reductions in deforestation in the … understood, though evidence is sorely needed given the economic importance of agriculture in Brazil and many other forest …