correct for potential endogeneity and selection bias in the earnings function. Attempts to correct for endogeneity is made … using instrumental variables method as well as using lag values of potentially endogenous variables in the earnings model …, earnings are found to be significantly lower for female-headed firms and firms owned by socially-marginalized groups …

We study the implications of incarceration for the earnings and employment of different groups, characterized by their … race, gender, and education. Our hidden Markov model distinguishes between first-time and repeat incarceration, along with … other persistent and transitory nonemployment and earnings risks, and accounts for nonresponse bias. We estimate the model …

experiencing disproportionate business earnings losses in the pandemic. Higher education levels among Asian business owners helped …Many small businesses have closed, lost revenues, or downsized as a response to health and economic disruptions caused …? This paper provides the first study of the impacts of COVID-19 on racial inequality in business earnings. Pandemic …

earnings differential of 2.3 log points remains even after controlling for both individual- and firm-level unobserved … heterogeneity. The analysis of the mothers and childless women's earnings trajectories over time reveals that "mothers to be …" experience important earnings increases (of up to 6 log points) several years prior to giving birth to their first child. However …

This study examines the effects of gender on executive financial decision-making as it relates to management earnings … earnings forecasts? Additionally, the following sub-questions are addressed: (1) do female executives issue more accurate … earnings forecasts than male executives and (2) are female executives more conservative than male executives when issuing …

to compare to labor income or earnings risks. We find that business income is much riskier than labor income, even …