Purpose – The purpose of this study is to find the effect of transformational leadership in profitability in different contexts. Design/methodology/approach – Data are gathered of 200 Finnish firms. Profitability is measured by profitability ratios one to two years after the survey to take...

This study develops a mathematical framework to analyze the time series of profitability ratios in the early stages of a startup. It is assumed that the expenditure of the startup grows at a steady rate and generates a proportionally identical flow of revenue in each period. The profitability in...

The objective is to develop a mathematical model of the firm to show the relationship between profitability, growth, and financial flow concepts especially under conditions for failing firms. It is assumed that revenue flows are generated by periodic expenditures growing at a steady rate. These...