There is no single best estimate of profits because different purposes require measures. For example, profits in national income should be different than profits in financial statements. But given these differences, there are certain economic standards that should apply to all profit measures....

Research question: In response to the low profitability of European football clubs, in 2010, UEFA established its Financial Fair Play regulation (FFP) to encourage clubs not to spend more than they earn. We examine whether FFP's break-even rule has increased the profitability of football...

We consider n parties with n corresponding utility functions, denoted by u₁,…,u_n. Given a positive amount of money C, a fair split of C is a vector (c₁,…,c_n)∈Rⁿ such that c₁ ⋯ c_n=C and u₁(c₁) = u₂(c₂) = ⋯ = u_n(c_n). In this paper we show the existence and uniqueness of a fair split to...