One of the major challenges that a remanufacturer faces at strategic planning level today is to match its supply (returned items) with demand due to the inherited uncertainties and variations on both sides. Forecasting product returns is one of the most important tasks of this matching process....

Background: Reverse supply chains of machinery and equipment face significant challenges, and overcoming them is critical for effective customer service and sustainable operation. Maintenance and repair services, strongly associated with the reverse movement of equipment, are among the most...