whether and how to regulate the use of this data. We study how new data affects incentives for agents to exert effort in …

skills. This is a particularly acute problem in education policy evaluation. We demonstrate that there are important latent … amount of conscientious effort that students exhibit on surveys, as measured by their item response rates. We use six … with higher item response rates are more likely to attain higher levels of education. The pattern of findings gives …

Enrollment rates to higher education reveal quite large variation over time which cannot be explained by productivity … fluctuations in the demand for education. Agents are heterogeneous in their beliefs about future wage differentials. An … belief. Costly access to information on the returns to education induces agents to use potentially destabilizing backward …