The rising trend of projects with high-skilled and autonomous contributors increasingly exposes managers to the risk of idiosyncratic individual behaviors. In this paper, we examine the effects of an important behavioral factor, an individual's cost salience, the common behavioral tendency in...

Managerial flexibility has value in the context of uncertain R&D projects,as management can repeatedly gather information about uncertain project and market characteristics and, based on this information,change its course of action.This value is now well accepted and referred to as real option...