While a new retirement pension reform is currently discussed in France, it is crucial to evaluate previous reforms. Up to now, no evaluation of the 2003 reform is available, particularly for civil servants. This article deals with the impact of this reform on the retirement behaviour of public...

This paper provides new empirical assessment on the long-term e ciency of locally-targeted tax incentives in revitalizing distressed areas, and on the impact on local population. We focus on the rst generation of the French \Enterprise Zone" initiative, implemented in 1997 in France. On the...