As part of their regional integration measures, the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) entered a commitment to remove non-tariff barriers and harmonize non-tariff measures by 2015. Despite this, non-tariff measures have steadily increased in the region.This paper...

The 21st century suggests a somewhat vexing scenario of ‘new protectionism', especially with the rise of protectionist non-tariff measures or NTMs. This largely refers to standard-like NTMs (sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to trade, known as SPS and TBTs,...

While many sectors have been badly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, e-retailing is one of the booming sectors during this period. Actually, the e-retailing sector was already booming even before the global pandemic. Although e-retailing offers many opportunities for businesses and consumers,...