Theoretical comparisons of the welfare consequences of tariffs, subsidies and import licenses have relied on the assumption that firms reap no private benefits from the imposition of a tariff. This paper conducts an empirical analysis of whether a recent change in U.S. antidumping law known as...

Quantitative protectionism, more precisely import substituting industrialization through quantitative trade restrictions, has been one of the most popular development policies of the 20th century. The researches led around Anne Krueger, based on scarce data from Third World countries, concluded...