The G20 summit in London offers an opportunity for world leaders to prevent a continued slide towards protectionism. Yet the summit is already at risk of ending in failure as expectations run too high. The agenda is already far too wide and cover areas characterized by sharp differences of...

This paper surveys and discusses the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) in the European Union and its compatibility with EU obligations in the World Trade Organisation (WTO). More particularly, it intends to shed light on the evolvement of policies in Europe to protect biofuels producers from...

This paper concerns China's market for medical technologies and how the Chinese state is assisting its own companies to gain greater sales at the expense of producers from Europe and other advanced manufacturing economies. The medical technology sector captures a variety of products, services...

Protectionism and mercantilism are yet again at the centre of global economic policy. "America First" is the guiding ethos in a good part of US international economic policy. Beijing is taking a larger stake in China's economy and hand out privileges to domestic firms. Europe is increasingly...

Sweden has been one of the leading voices for free trade in the post-war era. Its support for the multilateral trading system has been strong. Today is different. Sweden is defensive in services sector that are protected by regulations, belong to the welfare-state domain, or have been perceived...