One of the current global challenges is protection of the environment. Due to increased deterioration in overall global ecological safety and the environment's sharp deterioration in certain countries and regions, the global consequences for outstanding environmental problems indicate that...

The good health of its population is fundamental to a country's national interest. Regulation of these risk factors, however, presents particular challenges in the light of international trade law and international investment law, as policy interventions often seek behavioural change including...

Global regulations involving clean energy technologies have evolved in recent decades. Such evolution came as a result of technological disparities between the North and the South. Such regulatory changes came because of the failure of developed nations to assist developing countries in...

Since the adoption of the World Health Organization’s WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, governments have been pursuing progressively stronger and more wide-reaching tobacco control measures. In response, tobacco companies are frequently using international trade and investment...

In this article, I discuss how preferential trade agreements have started incorporating consumer protection provisions, in deviation from the traditional practice of leaving consumer protection to domestic law. The article first outlines the traditional frontier between consumer law and trade...

This paper uses highly detailed, quarterly data for five major industrialized economies to estimate the impact of macroeconomic fluctuations on import protection policies over 1988:Q1 - 2010:Q4. First, estimates on a pre-Great Recession sample of data provide evidence of two key relationships....

We develop a generalized approach to the treatment of household inequality aspects of social welfare in general equilibrium models of trade. We follow a dual approach, highlighting how general equilibrium distributional aspects of social welfare related to import protection may be examined...

We examine the political economy underpinnings of import protection in general equilibrium. Starting from a dual theoretical representation of production, trade, and consumption, we map a general representation of the real economy to underlying political processes aka the political support...