Recently, the application of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is extensively increasing as a popular renewable energy source. PEMFCs need low temperature for the operation along with high power density and easy implementation ability. These characteristics turned them into the...

Model-identification and parameter extraction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a well-defined procedure for improving the PEMFC efficiency for designing and control purposes. This paper presents a new version of the improved fluid search optimization algorithm for optimal...

In this paper, a multi-objective optimization method has been established on a hybrid PV, wind, fuel cell, and battery system. The optimization is based on three models including energy supply reliability, electricity efficiency, and capital cost of the hybrid system. A new model of the Elephant...

In this paper, a multi-objective optimization method has been established on a hybrid PV, wind, fuel cell, and battery system. The optimization is based on three models including energy supply reliability, electricity efficiency, and capital cost of the hybrid system. A new model of the Elephant...

Model-identification and parameter extraction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a well-defined procedure for improving the PEMFC efficiency for designing and control purposes. This paper presents a new version of the improved fluid search optimization algorithm for optimal...

Recently, the application of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is extensively increasing as a popular renewable energy source. PEMFCs need low temperature for the operation along with high power density and easy implementation ability. These characteristics turned them into the...