-economic reasoning: An economic and fiscal crisis is a potent catalyst for reforms, but a powerful bureaucracy effectively constrains the …

Most models of bureaucracy tend to assume a principal-agent model in which elected politicians delegate policy … main findings are that the corruption of the political principals may induce a situation in which the bureaucracy is … bureaucracy, and that the corruption of the political regime and the level of economic development may also affect bureaucratic …

The monopoly position of the public bureaucracy in providing public services allows government employees to acquire … extent of rents in the public bureaucracy. The extent of rents is determined by differences in institutional constraints and … correlates with perceptions of corruption. We find judicial independence to be of major relevance for a tamed bureaucracy …

The monopoly position of the public bureaucracy in providing public services allows government employees to acquire … extent of rents in the public bureaucracy. The extent of rents is determined by differences in institutional constraints and … correlates with perceptions of corruption. We find judicial independence to be of major relevance for a tame bureaucracy …

's wages are at parity in public administration, there is a large gender wage- gap in the private sector. Lower private returns …

differentials between sectors by gender and between men and women by sector are carried out. Results indicate that when controlled … public administration, there is a large gender wage-gap in the private sector in favor of men. Private returns to schooling …