The study's first section introduces the economic and legal constraints complicating the budgetary mathematics that all European countries are facing today, while demonstrating the challenges of applying current budgetary and fiscal doctrine in the draft bills that are currently making their way...

The respective trajectories of fiscal and budgetary policies during the presidential 5-year term of office now coming to an end have been very different: fiscal policy underwent a spectacular U-turn in 2013, whereas the continuity of budgetary policy was undeniable. There were two periods of...

Facing the ambition of a genuine ecological tax system, in part one, we review the legal constraints resulting from international treaties or constitutional blocks that have delayed the creation of a carbon tax. We also assess the current position of existing tax arrangements, ranging from the...

At the end of the “Trente Dispendieuses” (three decades of extravagant spending from 1981-2011), French public opinion is gradually waking up to unchecked deficits and public debt. After soaring public spending in the 1980's, the happy-go-lucky ‘90's and excessive use in the 2000's of...

As for most of the other developed countries, the level of public’s debt in France has increased of 20 points of GDP in 2020 due to the combined public deficit of 11% and the fall of expected GDP of 10%. Since the first lockdown on 17 Th March 2020 the households have been sparing around 100...

The years 2012 and 2013 saw an accentuation in the rise of tax and social security contributions that was suddenly initiated in 2011. The launch of the responsibility and solidarity pact in 2013 marked a fiscal turning point, beginning with the CICE (tax credit for competitiveness and...

The fiscal and budgetary policies of the five-year term that ended in May 2022 have each had a very different and opposite tempo from the previous one. The fiscal policy had showed great continuity by lowering mandatory taxes on households and businesses in accordance with the doctrine announced...