This is the last of four papers devoted to the 2021 German federal elections continuing our analysis of the 2009, 2013 … and 2017 Bundestag elections. It is shown that the policy representation by the Bundestag could be improved using the … defense spending?'-Yes/No, etc.), and the parties answer to these questions before the elections - as required by the Wahl …

Who will vote quadratically in large-N elections under quadratic voting (QV)? First, who will vote? Although the core … examine reasons that, in large-N elections, the number of votes that an individual casts may deviate substantially from that …

. Accordingly, we examine a complementary model of large-N elections at the opposite end of the spectrum, where pivotality effects …