This paper focuses on roots of strain in the European Monetary Union (EMU). It argues that there is need for a thorough reform of the governance structure of the Union in conjunction with radical changes in the regulation and supervision of financial markets. Financial intermediation has gone...

This paper focuses on the way a crisis needs an institutional actor and champion. Through painfully slow intervention and muddling through, the ECB created new policy space for a European financial and banking system that was on the point of collapse. However the institutional commitment to...