Sustainability gaps ( S2 indicators) are frequently used in national and international reports to assess the sustainability of public finances. For instance, in the European Commission's Debt Sustainability Monitor (DSM) the indicators are analyzed in comparisons across (policy) scenarios,...

This paper examines the effect of changes in the public debt-GDP ratio on long, 10 year, interest rates in a panel of 17 countries over the period 1870-2016 controlling for other variables, in particular the world interest rate. Over this long period one can argue that most of the big changes in...

In this paper, relations between public debt, economic growth, and long-term interest rates in Switzerland from 1894 to 2014 are examined. For this purpose, an original long-term dataset on the general gross public debt in Switzerland, namely the aggregation of the Confederation gross debt, the...

According to the literature, two main factors sparked the European debt crisis: (1) macroeconomic imbalances originated by national governments and (2) institutional design flaws leading to feeble response by European authorities; still, economists disagree on the factors' strength. Using Bai...

Las principales propuestas de reforma del marco de política fiscal de la Unión Europea inciden en tres bloques de cuestiones: i) simplificación de las reglas, para dotarlas de mayor transparencia y flexibilidad; ii) incorporación de nuevos instrumentos supranacionales de compartición de...

Las principales propuestas de reforma del marco de política fiscal de la Unión Europea inciden en tres bloques de cuestiones: i) simplificación de las reglas, para dotarlas de mayor transparencia y flexibilidad; ii) incorporación de nuevos instrumentos supranacionales de compartición de...

The indicator that is commonly used to assess the long-term fiscal sustainability of public finances in EU member states ("S2") is also defined if government borrowing rates are assumed to be permanently lower than the growth rate of GDP. Under these circumstances, however, it no longer provides...

Korean household debt has reached 148 percent of disposable income, high by emerging market standards. Most of this debt remains at variable rates, shifting the interest rate risk from better diversified financial institutions to households and increasing their sensitivity to macroeconomic...

Although Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) has experienced rapid growth in credit to households in recent years, most individuals are still credit constrained. This paper analyzes the determinants of household credit demand and credit constraints in BiH. To our knowledge, it is the first study on...

This paper estimates the fiscal multipliers of green public spending using a linear Bayesian Panel VAR and a Smooth Transition VAR framework, with quarterly data for the period 1995Q1-2022Q4 for EU member states. We group EU member states based on similar- ities in debt trajectories and green...