This article discusses the links between climate and debt sustainability by focusing on how climate mitigation and adaptation are paid for, and who pays for it. This requires thinking about instruments such as sovereign bonds, carbon credits, conditional official grants and debt relief from both...

Contributions to solving the globe’s environmental crisis are properly expected to come from every country to a greater or lesser degree depending on their share of responsibility for environmental pollution and their financial resources. But countries in financial distress and already unable...