The United States provides a classic example of a bottom-up system of federalism. It was created in 1787 when representatives of the then 13 colonies convened to ratify a constitution under which both the central government and the states would be sovereign entities. Within certain...

Abstract: Der bundesstaatliche Finanzausgleich geht von der Fiktion eines gleichen Bedarfs je Einwohner aus. Die empirische Analyse zeigt aber, dass bundesgesetzliche Vorschriften und andere Verpflichtungen, auf die die Landespolitik keinen Einfluss hat, zu deutlich unterschiedlichen Lasten...

After several years of practice, the question arises whether performance budgeting as one part of the New Public Management reforms has been effective. Derived from the international literature on experiences with performance budgeting Christiane Lorenz identifies five elements which constitute...