anger, ‘social’ emotions like shame and guilt need to be present for punishment to be an effective deterrent of … through institutional as well as emotional mechanisms. Recent studies emphasize the importance of negatively valued emotions …, such as anger, which motivate individuals to punish free riders. However, these types of emotions also trigger retaliatory …

initial allocations of wealth, as proposed by our absolute reciprocity model. Instead our empirical results lends support to a …

guilt aversion and reciprocity under which contributions are related to second- and first-order beliefs, respectively. Our … results are consistent with either. -- Framing ; psychological games ; guilt aversion ; reciprocity ; public good games … ; voluntary cooperation …

with either. -- Framing ; psychological games ; guilt aversion ; reciprocity ; public good games ; voluntary cooperation … reciprocity under which contributions are related to second- and first-order beliefs, respectively. Our results are consistent …

; psychological game theory ; guilt aversion ; reciprocity ; public good games ; voluntary cooperation … psychological gametheoretic framework we derive two mutually compatible hypotheses about guilt aversion and reciprocity under which …

; psychological game theory ; guilt aversion ; reciprocity ; public good games ; voluntary cooperation … psychological gametheoretic framework we derive two mutually compatible hypotheses about guilt aversion and reciprocity under which …

cooperation may be less than additive. Using a utility function embodying both reciprocity and altruism we show that unconditional … contribution costs and punishment costs. The range over which altruism inhibits cooperation and reduces material payoffs is greater … complementary or at worst additive. But this need not be the case. Behavioral experiments find that if reciprocity-minded subjects …

punished. As a consequence, the existence of an opportunity for costly punishment causes a large increase in cooperation levels … selfishness, there should be no cooperation at all. We also show that free riding causes strong negative emotions among …This paper provides evidence that free riders are heavily punished even if punishment is costly and does not provide …