Heritability is ubiquitous within most real biological or social systems. A heritable trait is most simply an offspring’s trait that resembles the parent’s corresponding trait, which can be fitness, strategy, or the way of strategy adoption for evolutionary games. Here we study the effects...

Conditional interactions are common in both human and animal societies. To understand the impacts of this feature on the evolution of cooperation, we propose a modified public goods game combined with conditional interactions in terms of the aspiration payoffs. Through simulations, we find that...

In this work, the depreciation effect of public goods is considered in the public goods games, which is realized by rescaling the multiplication factor r of each group as r′=r(ncG)β (β≥0). It is assumed that each individual enjoys the full profit r of the public goods if all the players of...

We introduce a preferential selection mechanism into a spatial public goods game where players are located on a square lattice. Each individual chooses one of its neighbors as a reference with a probability proportional to exp(Py∗A), where Py is the neighbor’s payoff and A (≥0) is a...