living in poverty. Households with a beneficiary increased their level of consumption by 44 percent. The program improved … (2020) and Galiani, Gertler and Bando (2016) in their studies on the non-contributory pension schemes in Peru and Mexico …

the transparency of social pension allocation were indeed achieved, such that possession of the Below Poverty Line ration … - India's elderly poor. The results show that during a time period of social pension reforms, exclusion and inclusion errors … reforms individuals with direct connections to local government officials are more likely to access social pension benefits …