When considering issues of measuring welfare beyond gross domestic product (GDP), a key ongoing, but unfinished, agenda concerns how to measure the outputs of goods and services which are "free at the point of delivery". Public services such as schools and health services are major examples of...

Governments play a central role in facilitating economic development. Yet while economists have long emphasized the importance of government quality, historically they have paid less attention to the internal workings of the state and the individuals who provide the public services. This chapter...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has supercharged surveillance and its consequences for civil rights and liberties. AI surveillance technologies, such as facial and affect recognition and other emergent forms of human-centered computer vision, give corporations and governments unprecedented power to...