characteristics of the young offenders. The juvenile punishment experiment was initially conducted in certain criminal courts only and …

understanding of how peer effects shape criminal behavior among prison inmates, focusing on co-inmate impacts on recidivism and … experienced co-inmates increases recidivism. Second, exposure to "top criminals" (i.e. those with extreme levels of criminal … experience) plays a distinctive role in shaping these recidivism patterns. Third, inmates form lasting criminal networks, as …