teacher and student absences, school closures, and disturbances to usual classroom routines. Similarly, they might also … to the attacks. The main results indicate that the attacks significantly reduced school-level proficiency rates in … grade math proficiency, suggesting that the shootings caused a decline in school proficiency rates of about five to nine …

-run effects on the likelihood of being convicted of a crime by age 25 and on the number of criminal convictions by age 25. Effects … driven by declines in high school peer quality and educational investments that result in lower non-cognitive skill … acquisition. We find little effect on juvenile crime. Using the method proposed by Angrist and Rokkanen (2015), we also estimate …

-run effects on the likelihood of being convicted of a crime by age 25 and on the number of criminal convictions by age 25. Effects … driven by declines in high school peer quality, lowered non-cognitive skill acquisition, and a reduction in educational … attainment. However, we find little effect on juvenile crime, which suggests the effects on adult criminal engagement are driven …

the school environment and prior studies that fail to consider in-school behaviour may over-estimate their short-run crime …This paper studies the impact of compulsory schooling on in-school violence using individual-level administrative data … indicate that in-school violence increases. Effects concentrate among students with prior criminal records and their classmates …

-run effects on the likelihood of being convicted of a crime by age 25 and on the number of criminal convictions by age 25. Effects … driven by declines in high school peer quality and educational investments that result in lower non-cognitive skill … acquisition.We find little effect on juvenile crime. Using the method proposed by Angrist and Rokkanen (2015), we also estimate …

This paper explores the process that links low achievement, school exclusion and involvement in crime among African …-Caribbean boys and young men. Based on qualitative interviews with pupils and teachers at a pioneering secondary school in London and … appears to influence this low achievement - school exclusion - crime sequence, including the young person's family background …

-run effects on the likelihood of being convicted of a crime by age 25 and on the number of criminal convictions by age 25. Effects … driven by declines in high school peer quality, lowered non-cognitive skill acquisition, and a reduction in educational … attainment. However, we find little effect on juvenile crime, which suggests the effects on adult criminal engagement are driven …