teacher and student absences, school closures, and disturbances to usual classroom routines. Similarly, they might also … to the attacks. The main results indicate that the attacks significantly reduced school-level proficiency rates in … grade math proficiency, suggesting that the shootings caused a decline in school proficiency rates of about five to nine …

mental health is scant. We study how an important classroom feature - the gender composition in compulsory-school - affects …

, structuring of school classes and educational achievement in secondary school. For educational attainment, there was an increase … in achievement at the end of elementary school and greater equality of achievement at the transition without an increase … in social inequality. The structuring of school classes showed a decoupling of cognitive and social segregation. And for …