the labour market; the paper focuses on the assumptions of the human capital and its preparedness for Industry 4.0 in the …

training expenditures and labour costs is also measured. The research finds that both HRM and collective bargaining … that skill gaps are a key determinant of training expenditures and tend to raise average labour costs. Finally, the …

helps to explain outcome variables such as labour costs and training expenditures. The research finds that both human … training needs. Skill gaps were found to increase average training costs and average labour costs. Finally, the evidence …

training expenditures and labour costs is also measured.The research finds that both HRM and collective bargaining arrangements … skill gaps are a key determinant of training expenditures and tend to raise average labour costs. Finally, the evidence …

The effect of labour costs on industry profits, employment and labour income is at the heart of the current European … for industry profitability. Though, high wages appear also to be associated with high labour skills and then with superior … product quality. Similarly, a reduction in labour taxes is often invoked as a tool to improve industry profitability, but this …