Tests based on years of education find that the return to human capital in cities varies inversely and average education varies directly with housing cost. Finally, there is evidence that labor productivity within cities varies directly with employment density and real estate cost. The income...

The influential contributions of DiNardo, Fortin, and Lemieux (1996), Firpo, Fortin, and Lemieux (2009), Machado and Mata (2005), and Donald, Green, and Paarsch (2000) provide researchers with a useful toolbox to estimate counterfactual distributions of scalar random variables. These techniques...