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A close reading of Russia’s nuclear statements and actions during the first seven months of its war against Ukraine … render nuclear escalation unlikely. However, nuclear use cannot be fully discounted, particularly if war-related developments …
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due to its war against Ukraine as well as the strategic adaptation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO …
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Replacing the US nuclear guarantee with a French nuclear umbrella for Europe would face major political and logistical challenges. Nevertheless, given the growing un­certainty in Europe and Asia, the German government should consider scenarios and options that go beyond today’s deterrence...
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While a second Trump Presidency would be challenging for transatlantic ties, US nuclear assurances to its NATO allies in Europe would likely be the last casualty - not the first - of a fraying relationship. There is an intrinsic incompatibility between the United States completely abandoning its...
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a heteroskedasticity-based estimation technique. The results indicate that increases in what we call the "war risk …"This paper measures the effects of the risks associated with the war in Iraq on various U.S. financial variables using …
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