This paper explores several characteristics of patents in the biotechnology field, comparing and contrasting them to patents in other fields of research. We find that biotechnology patents face a longer lag between application and grant date, and their secrecy would be heavily affected if...

This paper discusses the measurement of R&D spillovers (specifically spill-ins) to the agricultural and food processing sectors. We report measures of direct inter-sectoral and international spillovers based on the Yale Technology Concordance (YTC) and patent data for 14 less developed...