Holmstrom (1982) considered a group of agents who jointly produce some output and showed that if the agents are required to balance the budget then the first best, or Pareto efficient, allocation cannot be obtained as an equilbrium relative to any sharing rule. Recent research on risk-neutral...

Most of the market microstructure literature has focused on the liquidity of individual securities, whereas most of the asset pricing literature has focused on the association between systematic risk and return. We document the presence of a systematic, time-varying component of liquidity. At...

Consider the following two well-diversified portfolios: the first consists of 100 preferred stocks and the second of 100 regular equity stocks. Which of the two portfolios is riskier? Common sense would seem to suggest that the equity portfolio is more risky. in terms of traditional concepts it...

We test whether the profitability of HML, SMB, and WML can be linked to future GDP growth. Using data from ten countries, we find that HML and SMB contain significant information about future GDP growth. This information is to a large degree independent of that in the market factor. Even in the...

We test for the pricing of exchange rate and foreign inflation risk in equities. Our tests are motivated by the empirical implications of the models of Solnik (1974b) as revised by Sercu (1980), Grauer, Litzenberger, and Stehle (1976), and Adler and Dumas (1983). Both exchange rate and foreign...

What costs is it worth incurring to avoid the risk of climate change? People rarely think of this as a question amenable to a precise answer. Yet an answer can be calculated: it depends on the following four parameters (at least). These are (1) the probability distribution of the effects of...