In experiments which measure subjects' beliefs, both beliefs about others' behavior and beliefs about others' beliefs, are often correlated with a subject's own choices. Such phenomena have been interpreted as evidence of a causal relationship between beliefs and behavior. An alternative...

Many experimental studies report that economics students tend to act more selfishly than students of other disciplines, a finding that received widespread public and professional attention. Two main explanations that the existing literature offers for the differences found in the behavior...