Purpose – This paper aims to review major changes on real estate markets in Europe and to analyse the impacts of such changes. Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides an overview of the various equity real estate investment vehicles available to investors, with particular focus on...

We use sector level REIT and transaction-based direct real estate data for the U.S. to provide a clearer understanding of the dynamic relations between public and private real estate returns. We exclude leverage from REIT returns to make the REIT data more comparable with the direct market data....