This paper presents a simple framework for the analysis, valuation and simulation of several real options in the presence of shadow costs of incomplete information. Information costs can be viewed as sunk costs in the spirit of Merton's (1987) model of capital market equilibrium with incomplete...

This paper examines the hypothesis that, during merger waves, a bidder's actions are informative for other bidders and the market. I develop a real options model to explore the interplay between acquisition timing and the market reaction to these events in the context of merger waves. The model...

Numerous studies have examined the effect on credit spreads of renegotiation. These studies have generally focussed on the impact on spread levels in general, and not on how renegotiation influences the relative pricing of senior versus junior debt claims. In this paper, we show that the scope...

Comparative-statics results for financial options are often assumed to hold for real options. But the effects of higher volatility need not be increased value and postponed investment. This depends on signs of correlations and what parameters are held constant. For real options, the...

This paper describes a real options valuation method for situations where the underlying asset may have negative values and the underlying project present value distribution is something of the shape between normal and lognormal distribution causing skewness to the rate of return distribution....

Start-up firms typically produce negative cash flows in the first years after their foundation. As a consequence, standard discounted cash flow methods are not applicable, often forcing practioneers into using theoretically dissatisfying devices like multiples. In this paper, we develop a...

We examine the impact on an R&D valuation and its investment timing of abrupt events, options facing paradise (blockbusters) and purgatory (catastrophes). We show that the presence of a special case of Lévy jumps can model positive and negative effects in the investment opportunity even when...

The premise of this discussion is that private equity players intend to create real options that maximize the value derived from potential movement in the worth of the underlying business platform. This intended maximization occurs when the current value of the exercise instrument equals the...

This paper refers to the conceptualizations of strategic flexibility, real options, and human resource (HR) options to build a model for valuing future-oriented and organizational flexibility-enhancing aspects of training. By adopting an indirect approach to measuring HR options by valuing...

This paper presents a practical volatility estimation method for cash flow simulation based real option valuation with changing volatility. During cash flow simulation, present value of the future cash flows and their corresponding cash flow state variable values are recorded for all time...