-stage cartel formation experiment where multiple ringleaders may emerge. Although theory predicts that cartels will always be …This paper experimentally analyzes the cartel coordination challenge induced by the discrimination of cartel … ringleaders in leniency policies. Ringleaders often take a leading role in the coordination and formation of a cartel. A leniency …

for a sample of cartels prosecuted by the European Commission between 1996 and 2014. The start of a Commission … light on enforcement efforts against cartels and other forms of conspiracy. …

Cartels are generally acknowledged as one of the most serious forms of anti-competitive behaviour between competitors … cartels, the leniency program represents a legal, effective and often the only tool available for antitrust enforcers to …-depth legal & economic analysis of cartel law enforcement on both sides of the Atlantic …

development of the innovative and modern leniency policy. Following the examination of the main conditions and reasons for cartel …

cartels are exposed and punished. These films' narratives about cartel enforcement are reconstructed by studying how the films … portray cartels, perpetrators and their motives, and the regulator. An analysis of four films produced in four jurisdictions …