This paper uses Mongolia's Household Socio Economic Survey for 2016 to estimate the distributive impact of taxes and … 35 percent of total expenditures in monetary and in-kind transfers is funded by corporate taxes and royalties-which are …

This chapter analyzes the incidence on income distribution by a comprehensive array of direct and indirect taxes in ten … impact is equalizing for direct taxes and unequalizing for indirect taxes. Overall, redistribution through taxes, without … burden on the poor is high and even higher than on the rich. This is mainly a consequence of the high share of indirect taxes …

equality in the first decade of the 2000s. In particular, the increasing contribution of direct taxes with respect to indirect … taxes promoted the progressivity of the tax system and contributed to the reduction of inequality. Yet, the effectiveness of … percentage of gross domestic product, the relative high contribution of indirect taxes, the inability to tax top incomes, and the …