In 2015/2016 the Federal Republic of Germany and Bavaria were greatly challenged by the refugee wave from the Middle East, Afghanistan and various African states, and its management. The south-east Bavarian border areas were particularly affected due to their location at the end of the Balkan...

Within a remarkably short time, functioning asylum systems were set up in the countries of the Western Balkans largely thanks to the joint advocacy of and co-operation between UNHCR and the EU, and, in particular, to the realization of a joint regional project implemented by UNHCR 2004-5. This...

Violent conflict is a well-recognised driver of forced migration but literature does not usually consider the pull factors that might also cause irregular movements. In turn, the decision to leave and of where to go are rarely considered separately. This is in contrast to literature on regular...